VII. Data Collection and Use
B. Data Use
2. Preventive and corrective action (Evaluate)
Select and use various root cause and failure analysis tools to determine the causes of degradation or failure, and identify appropriate preventive or corrective actions to take in specific situations.
Let work to avoid issues and if something does fail take steps to learn and prevent future similar failures.
Additional References
Two Approaches to Reliability (article)
Quick Quiz
1-64. Of the following tools, which is not classified as a structured root cause analysis tool?
(A) Failure mode and effects analysis
(B) 7D, 8D, or 9D problem solving
(C) management oversight and risk tree analysis
(D) human performance evaluation system
(A) Failure mode and effects analysis
FMEA is a risk identification and prioritization tool and may be a useful tool as part of root cause analysis.
8D is Eight Disciplines (7D and 9D are variations) a structured problem solving process developed and used widely in the automotive industry and beyond.
Management oversight and risk tree analysis is “a comprehensive analytical procedure that provides a disciplined method for determining the causes and contributing factors of major accidents.” [Mort User’s Manual US Department of Energy, SSDC-4 Revision 3, February 1992 http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5254810/]
Human performance evaluation system is “a resource for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission inspectors to use when reviewing licensee problem identification and resolution programs with regard to human performance.” [ The Human Performance Evaluation Process: A Resource for Reviewing the Identification and Resolution of Human Performance Problems (NUREG/CR-6751) http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0209/ML020930054.pdf]
1-65. Arrange the following action steps in a root-cause analysis in proper sequence from start to finish.
I. Define and Implement Corrective Actions.
II. Develop Interim Containment Plan.
III. Define and Implement Corrective Actions.
IV. Verify Permanent Corrections.V. Describe the Problem.
(A) I, V, II, IV, III
(B) V, I, II, III, IV
(C) V, II, IV, III, I
(D) V, IV, II, I, III
(C) V, II, IV, III, I
The phases are from the 8D or eight disciplines model, which is a structured problem solving process. The disciplines are:
D0: Plan: Plan for solving the problem and determine the prerequisites.
D1: Use a Team: Establish a team of people with product/process knowledge.
D2: Describe the Problem: Specify the problem by identifying in quantifiable terms the who, what, where, when, why, how, and how many (5W2H) for the problem.
D3: Develop Interim Containment Plan: Define and implement containment actions to isolate the problem from any customer.
D4: Determine, and Verify Root Causes and Escape Points: Identify all applicable causes that could explain why the problem has occurred. Also identify why the problem was not noticed at the time it occurred. All causes shall be verified or proved. One can use five whys or Ishikawa diagrams to map causes against the effect or problem identified.
D5: Verify Permanent Corrections (PCs) for Problem will resolve problem for the customer: Using pre-production programs, quantitatively confirm that the selected correction will resolve the problem. (Verify that the correction will actually solve the problem.)
D6: Define and Implement Corrective Actions: Define and Implement the best corrective actions.
D7: Prevent System Problems: Modify the management systems, operation systems, practices, and procedures to prevent recurrence of this and all similar problems.
D8: Congratulate Your Team: Recognize the collective efforts of the team. The team needs to be formally thanked by the organization.
1-69. When trend analysis is used in a corrective action system, what aspect is most important?
(A) short-term problem status
(B) cyclical components of a time series
(C) long-term movement
(D) seasonal variations
(C) long-term movement
Keep in mind the purpose of corrective action is to systematically and conclusively solve problems and keep them from happening in the future. A long term solution is the goal.
1-70. In is a structured corrective action approach, in the problem definition segment there is a reference to “is data” and “is not data”. This is a technique advocated by:
(A) Kaoru Ishikawa
(B) Kepner-Tregoe
(C) Deming’s PDCA cycle
(D) Kaizen principles
(B) Kepner-Tregoe
“Is”/”Is Not” is a method to clearly define a problem by describing the problem boundaries using what issues/elements are part of the problem and which are not.
Leave a Reply